High performance computing (HPC) stands at the forefront of scientific discovery and commercial innovation, yielding significant economic benefits. In the inaugural Way Kuo Distinguished Lecture at City University of Hong Kong (CityU) on 5 December, Professor Jack Dongarra delved into the transformative nature of HPC over the past decade. As a co-founder of the TOP500 supercomputer list and a renowned expert in HPC, Professor Dongarra explored the profound impact of these advancements on numerical scientific software. He also discussed the future trends, challenges, and opportunities in reinventing HPC, emphasizing its potential to drive breakthrough discoveries and innovation.